01 - Rinse barley under cold running water. Combine barley, 3 cups water, and 1/2 teaspoon salt in a medium saucepan. Bring to a rolling boil over high heat, then reduce to a simmer. Cover and cook for 25 minutes until grains are tender but still retain a slight chew. Drain any remaining liquid and spread barley on a sheet pan to cool to room temperature.
02 - Place the chopped kale in a large salad bowl. Sprinkle with a pinch of salt and massage the leaves firmly with your hands for 1 to 2 minutes until they soften, darken in color, and reduce slightly in volume.
03 - Add the cooled barley, halved cherry tomatoes, sliced red onion, chopped parsley, dill, and mint to the massaged kale. Toss gently to distribute the ingredients evenly.
04 - In a small bowl, whisk together the orange zest, orange juice, lemon juice, olive oil, honey or maple syrup, and Dijon mustard. Season with salt and pepper to taste. Continue whisking until the dressing is fully emulsified and slightly thickened.
05 - Pour the citrus vinaigrette over the salad and toss thoroughly, ensuring every component is evenly coated.
06 - If using, gently fold in the crumbled feta cheese and toasted nuts just before serving to maintain their texture.
07 - Taste the salad and adjust salt and pepper as needed. Serve chilled or at room temperature.